NINE-PROFILE AND NINE-SEGMENT TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMER FOR MASHING APPARATUS

Mashing is a process of converting the grain starch into fermentable sugar by activating the malt enzymes using a hot-water steeping process. A microcontroller-based nine-profile, nine-segment temperature programmer and four-channel temperature and rpm (rotations per minute) display system for the mashing apparatus has been designed and implemented using a PIC 16F887 microcontroller. In this apparatus, a pulse width modulation (PWM)-based programmable AC voltage controller has been designed to vary mash tub temperature at required rate, and the resistance temperature detector (RTD) PT100 has been used to measure the temperature of the mash tub and sample. The software for the microcontroller has been developed using C language to set the end temperature and time of the nine segments of nine temperature profiles through the keypad and also to implement the proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller to control the temperature of the mash tub as per user settings

Performance Evaluation of VoIP in Mobile WiMAX; Simulation and Emulation studies

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is an acronym for IEEE 802.16 family which is a leading contemporary broadband wireless Access (BWA) technology. IEEE 802.16e is intended for mobile WiMAX, which supports vehicular mobility with the stringent quality of service (QoS) parameters for various data traffics. Voice over IP (VoIP) provides low cost, modern telephony which can become a better alternative for classical telephony; however there are some issues need to be addressed prior to the deployment of any new technology. Significance of simulation study results can be verified and assessed by emulation testbed results. It is expected that both the results should match closely with each other. This paper makes an effort to study the performance evaluation of VoIP for a mobile user and how the QoS parameters vary for different speeds. The simulation and emulation of a mobile WiMAX system using EXata 2.0.1 are performed. The effectiveness of the comparison of results is discussed

Performance Evaluation of Reactive Routing Protocols for IEEE 802.11

The progress of communication technology has made wireless devices smaller, less expensive and more powerful. This has initiated everyone to use various wireless network technologies such as 3G, 4G of cellular network, Ad-Hoc, IEEE 802.11 based Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Bluetooth. The performance of the routing protocols AODV, DSR and LAR are compared using Qualnet 5.0.2.Network Simulator with the metrics like average jitter, throughput, end-to-end delay, total number of bytes received and packet delivery ratio successfully routed to their destination

Performance Study of Bandwidth Request Mechanisms in IEEE 802.16e Networks

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the IEEE 802.16 standards-based wireless technology that provides fixed and mobile Internet access for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). The IEEE 802.16 std. includes medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layer pecifications and is consider to be a promising technology. Bandwidth reservation is employed to provide quality of service (QoS) to guarantee different services specified in the standard. A bandwidth request/grant scheme is defined in the IEEE 802.16 standard. There are two types of bandwidth request (BR) mechanisms, i.e., polling and contention resolution, which are defined in the standard. As specified, connections belonging to scheduling classes of extended real-time polling service, non-real-time polling service, and best effort have options to make BRs via both mechanisms, depending on the scheduling decision made by the base station (BS). This paper attempts the comparative study of BR mechanisms for different service classes defined in the standard

Simulation and Emulation Approach for the Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme in Mobile WiMAX Network

WiMAX is the IEEE 802.16e standard-based wireless technology, provides Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). Being the wireless channels are precious and limited, adapting the appropriate modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for the state of the radio channel leads to an optimal average data rate. The standard supports adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) on the basis of signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) condition of the radio link. This paper made an attempt to study the performance of AMC scheme in Mobile WiMAX network using simulation and emulation methods. Different MCS are adopted by mobile subscriber station (MSS) on the basis of the detected instantaneous SINR. Simulation results demonstrate the impact of modulation and coding scheme on the performance of the system and emulation results defend the simulation results

Performance Analysis of ARQ Mechanism in WiMAX Networks

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for MicrowaveAccess) is the IEEE 802.16 standards-based wireless technology, provides Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN). The Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) mechanism in WiMAX uses a feedback channel for the confirmation of error-free packet delivery or for packet retransmission request. This method can increase network throughput when radio channel condition is worse. In this paper attempt has been made to study the effect of implementation of ARQ on the performance of WiMAX network through simulation. Simulation study has been carried out for WiMAX network with and without enabling ARQ. The performance is been compared by considering the performance metrics like throughput, delay and jitter

Simulation Study on Improved AODV Routing protocol

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a network of wireless mobile nodes which communicate with each other without any centralized control or established infrastructure. Routing is a critical task in MANET where the nodes are mobile. In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance of prominent routing protocol of MANET: Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Improved Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (I-AODV) protocol. The performance differentials are analysed using various metrics like throughput, average end-to-end delay, total bytes received and average jitter

A Bandwidth Request Mechanism for QoS Enhancement in Mobile WiMAX Networks

The IEEE 802.16e standard is designed to support high bandwidth for the mobile wireless metropolitan area network. In order to support Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia applications, various bandwidth request and scheduling mechanisms are suggested in WiMAX, in which a subscriber station (SS) sends bandwidth request messages to a base station (BS) and the BS grants the bandwidth according to the available radio resources. In this paper a bandwidth request mechanism for ertPS, rtPS and nrtPS is proposed to enhance the QoS performance of WiMAX network. In the proposed bandwidth request mechanism, the SS requests for the additional bandwidth for the service flows by considering the round trip delay incurred during the bandwidth request grant process. The performance of proposed bandwidth request mechanism is evaluated through simulation by considering the metrics like throughput and delay

Effect of idle mode on power saving in mobile WiMAX network

IEEE 802.16e is an emerging standard for mobile wireless broadband access systems. In any mobile networks, power saving is one of the most important features for the extension of devices' lifetime. To manage power usage in a more efficient way, the IEEE 802.16e standard specifies two mechanisms, sleep mode and idle mode. Idle mode allows the mobile station (MS) to conserve power and resources by restricting its activity to scanning at discrete intervals and thus eliminates the active requirement for handover operation and other normal operations. On the base station (BS) and network side, idle mode provides a simple and timely method for alerting the MS for pending downlink (DL) traffic directed to the MS and thus eliminates air interface and network handover traffic from essentially inactive MSs. An attempt made in this paper to evaluate the performance of idle mode in terms of power saving in MSs for long battery life. © 2013 Springer